Organizational Change for Case Study of Motors-myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theOrganizational Change for Case Study of General Motors. Answer: Presentation: This report manages authoritative change as far as a genuine contextual investigation alongside examining the different parts of hierarchical conduct in the given diary article. The fundamental target of the article was to feature the effect of hierarchical change on the authoritative conduct of an association. These progressions include changes in the mentalities of the authoritative workers as far as protection from changes and change the executives draws near. The article clarifies how changes occurred in General Motors and the techniques required to keep the hierarchical workers roused. Authoritative conduct and change: As per Khan Hashim (2014), the fast changes in the business condition have made it compulsory for the associations to keep themselves refreshed and bring the important changes inside the association so as to stay in front of the contenders. The adjustments in the innovations particularly in the vehicle business have constrained the car organizations to bring fundamental changes inside the associations. Change the executives is essential for accomplishing maintainability over the long haul. Hierarchical change may remember changes for the authoritative culture, workers, innovation, rules and guidelines, human asset the board, and so on. It is important to deal with these adjustments in a successful way to such an extent that the progressions end up being advantageous for the association. Despite what might be expected, Cameron (2015) expressed that hierarchical changes are exceptionally hard to execute as they face a few kinds of protections. It is important to examine the authoritative conduct before starting any change. Hierarchical conduct is the investigation of the association between the human conduct and the association. The significant sort of obstruction is as worker opposition. The representatives of an association are generally never for changes. The progressions brought inside an association legitimately influence the workers of an association. For example, change as another innovation may make the workers dread that the innovation may supplant them and the association may no longer need them. In this manner, actualizing change inside an association may make unsettling influences inside an association. Then again, as indicated by Anderson (2016), the administration of an association must propel the workers to support the adjustments so as to execute the progressions inside the association without making any unsettling influences. It is important to change the mentalities of the representatives and cause them to comprehend the advantages they would get from the usage of the changes. Protection from changes and conquering them: As indicated by Pinder (2014), representatives oppose changes because of a few factors, for example, propensity, security, dread and affordable variables. Opposition is the response gotten from the hierarchical individuals when a change is proposed. Hence, he proposed that an association must actualize a change reasonably. It is important to pick the hierarchical workers, who might invite the change and the individuals who might oppose the change. It is the duty of the administration of an association to appropriately speak with the workers and clarify them the advantages of the change. It is important to guarantee cooperation of all the authoritative individuals so as to actualize a change inside an association. It is likewise important to include the authoritative individuals in the dynamic procedure so as to keep them inspired. Despite what might be expected, Miner (2015) referenced that following the Lewins three stage change model is important to guarantee the accomplishment of a change usage. It is important to set up the workers before the usage of an adjustment so as to guarantee that they feel good both when the execution of the change. This procedure includes unfreezing, actualizing the change and refreezing. Then again, Greenberg (2013) expressed that it is important to examine the discernments and mentalities of the hierarchical individuals to know their demeanor towards the change. There are consistently conceivable outcomes that people may have recognition blunders. Recognition is a progression of mental advances that empower an individual to decipher a data or circumstance. Change the board at General Motors: General Motors is an American vehicle fabricating organization which was found in the year 1908. The organization maintains its business in six landmasses covering in excess of 396 areas. The organization was before the biggest vehicle fabricating organization on the planet however after the rise of Toyota, the organization fell into back foot. As per DuBrin (2013), there were a few inside components that necessary a radical change so as to stay in front of the contenders. On such issue was the high wages paid to the workers at General Motors when contrasted with Toyota, which at last expanded the costs of the association. The organization was constrained to do its exercises with over 80% limit in any event, when it was not required. All these interior elements prompted the destruction of the association. Despite what might be expected, Wagner III Hollenbeck (2014) referenced that the significant change required inside the association was cost-cutting. Be that as it may, this change is never acknowledged by the workers of an association as it would include bringing down their wages or compensations. In spite of the protections, the association cut the compensation of the authoritative representatives, which prompted disappointment and demotivation among the workers. Another huge change required was the social change. The association got a few changes the structure of the association and in the supervisory crew. This change was started to improve the speed of dynamic procedure. Then again, as indicated by Luthans, Luthans (2015), a few issues excited because of the adjustments in the wages and the hierarchical culture. The top-down methodology followed by the association didn't consider the inclusion of the representatives in the dynamic procedures. This caused the workers to feel disappointment and at last prompted work disappointment. The cost-chopping procedure and the top-down view approach of the administration had a few negative effects on the association. The brought down wages and the cut in the quantity of representatives made disappointment among the workers. The workers got aware of their employer stability and lower compensation. The development of other vehicle organizations, for example, Toyota turned into a gigantic danger for the association as Toyota had kept up a solid hierarchical culture and had been fruitful in keeping the representatives fulfilled. This turned into an intense test for General Motors and the organization began enduring immense misfortunes. Maslow needs progression hypothesis: This hypothesis of inspiration expresses that there are five fundamental needs of a man. The main need is the physiological needs. This includes necessities, for example, food, water and safe house. The following level contains wellbeing need, which includes monetary security and wellbeing security. The following level includes sentiment of belongingness, wherein an individual builds up a sentiment of being cherished. After the fulfillment of all the lower needs, emerges the need of regard. In this stage, an individual grows needs of being regarded by others. The last stage involves self-realization needs wherein the need of accomplishing everything an individual can accomplish rises (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). End: General Motors confronted extreme rivalry from Toyota and endured colossal misfortunes before. In any case, the organization had the option to improve its situation by examining and actualizing hierarchical conduct speculations. The organization has had the option to improve its working conditions and has likewise had the option to keep its representatives fulfilled. Change the board is important for achieving manageability over the long haul. It is important to deal with these adjustments in a powerful way to such an extent that the progressions end up being helpful for the association. Be that as it may, the organization is required to consider the recognitions and perspectives of the hierarchical individuals while starting any change inside the association. Propelled workers are an advantage for an association and help in improving the efficiency of an association. Thusly, it is important to keep the hierarchical individuals very much educated about the authoritative changes and k eep them spurred with the goal that the progressions are actualized effectively. References: Anderson, D. L. (2016).Organization turn of events: The way toward driving hierarchical change. Sage Publications. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate maintainability. Routledge. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making feeling of progress the board: A total manual for the models, instruments and strategies of hierarchical change. Kogan Page Publishers. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of hierarchical conduct: An applied viewpoint. Elsevier. Greenberg, J. (Ed.). (2013).Organizational conduct: The condition of the science. Routledge. Khan, M. A., Hashim, M. (2014). Hierarchical Change: Case Study of General Motors. Luthans, F., Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W. (2015).Organizational conduct: A proof based methodology. IAP. Digger, J. B. (2015).Organizational conduct 1: Essential hypotheses of inspiration and authority. Routledge. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work inspiration in hierarchical conduct. Brain science Press. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational conduct: Securing upper hand. Routledge.

Mr. Fix-It free essay sample

For as long as nine years, a lot of my extra time has been devoted to dismantling things. I appreciate fixing pretty much everything from hardware to vehicles. I previously found my affection for disassembling things when I was eight. I was playing with one of my numerous remote-control vehicles when it destroyed the steps of my deck and broke into pieces, uncovering its internal activities. I had no clue what they were or what they did, however I was captivated by all the thingamajigs inside †the engines and circuit sheets that made it move. I started to dismantle the entirety of my remote-control toys to check whether they were comparative. As I got more seasoned, I started to see how these parts functioned. At that point I understood that in the event that I dismantled something, I could utilize the pieces to make something different. This prompted the production of numerous Frankenstein gadgets †like a lift for my Lego structures, electric Knex vehicles, and mechanized wooden pontoons †all produced using electric engines and circuit sheets. We will compose a custom article test on Mr. Fix-It or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page When I even made my own helicopter utilizing portions of a remote-control vehicle and some Styrofoam. I molded the froth into a fuselage and utilized the vehicles plastic to make rotors. The engine wasnt amazing enough for continued flight, so I took one from a beast truck and patched it onto the circuit load up. I surmise my adoration for fixing things originated from my dad. Since the time I could hold a screwdriver I have chased after him, helping fix things. As I developed, he showed me how to fix things as well as how to assemble them. Together, we have finished heaps of ventures, including docks, tables, and dividers. He showed me how to pound, cut wood, and make things level and solid. At the point when it came time for me to figure out how to fix vehicles, I immediately adored it. My first undertaking was an oil change. At the point when it was done and I had oil on all fours all over, I felt practiced and glad. Since that first oil change, my insight into vehicles has developed tremendously. I can fix pretty much anything on a vehicle, and what I cannot fix all alone, my dad and I do together. He has shown me nearly everything about vehicles. I despite everything dismantle things, albeit now they are substantially more unpredictable and significantly greater. I am as of now taking a shot at two innovations, neither of which exists yet, as far as anyone is concerned. I accept that these two thoughts could change the manner in which we take a gander at transportation and entertainment. I generally hear individuals state you ought to pick your profession not founded on cash, yet on what you love. I am fortunate that I discovered my energy at such a youthful age. I realize that turning into a specialist will offer me the chance to take my enthusiasm for making new things and apply it to the world.

The Task is to Write a Paper About Human Pollution - 275 Words

The Task is to Write a Paper About Human Pollution (Essay Sample) Content: Human PollutionNameCourseProfessorInstitutionDateThe most compelling topic in this unit is human pollution. Human pollution is the contamination of air, sound, water or soil by substances that are harmful to living organism due to human activities (Schultz 2014). Human activities have resulted to destruction of environment in a way that it is going to take a very long time to sort out the issue. Pollution in environment is majorly as a result of humans activities. Humans have polluted water by depositing their waste into the water bodies. Sewage lines mostly end up into water bodies and most of the wastes are not treated.After taking the course I feel that environment has been of great value to humans over the years. Most of the values of the environment have not been direct. Most human have cause destruction to the environment without knowing the harm that they are causing to other living organisms.Since environmental conservation is everyones responsibility I am goi ng to take it upon myself to educate others on importance of environmental conservation. I am going to change my habit on waste disposal. I am going to educate farmers on dangers of using excessive farm chemicals.From my classmates posting I learnt that they enjoyed the demographic transition most. The assignment on the topic made them to do more research and they learnt so many interesting things ab...

Ap World History And Understanding About The Origins Of...

Ana Adorable Book Review AP World History World History is learning and understanding about the origins of how culture around the world evolved. Having a more known perspective on the world from going into depth about the way people lived in the past interests me the most. The most important thing I want to know is why those people did what they did. What I don’t have interest in is the political history and trying to remember all the important dates with its right event. 8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.- The Beginning of Agriculture (8000 B.C.E.), Indo European Migration (4000-1000 B.C.E), The Beginning of Bronze Age early civilizations (3000 B.C.E.), Bantu Migration (1500 B.C.E. - 1000 C.E.), Iron Age (1300 B.C.E.) 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.- persecution of Muslims (615 C.E.), Muslim Empire Extent (732 C.E.), Huang Chao Rebellion (903 C.E.), Fall of the Tang Dynasty (907 C.E.), The Black Death (1347 C.E.) 1450 to 1750- Bartolomeu Dias s voyage into the Indian Ocean (1488), Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), Spanish Conquest of Mexico (1519-1521), Foundation of Society of Jesus (1540), Thirty Years War (1618-1648) 1750 to 1914- Seven Years War (1754 - 1763), Establishment of 1st Colony in Australia (1788), End of the British Slave Trade (1807), Sepoy Rebellion (1857), Unification of Germany (1871) 1914 to the Present- WW1 (1914-1918), The Great Depression (1929-1942), Bombing of Pearl Harbour (1941), First Man in Space (1961), Vietnam War (1960-1973) Marvin Harris’Show MoreRelatedAmerican Popular Culture and Its Impact in a Globalized World8501 Words   |  35 PagesParis). 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Summary Of The Book Three Cups Of Tea - 1285 Words

The book â€Å"Three Cups of Tea† gives the reader an inside look into a world very few have had the opportunity to see. The story involves and unsuccessful mountain climber named Greg Mortenson who works on and off as a Registered Nurse. It was during the descent of the mountain know as K2, that Mortenson got disoriented and lost his way back down. Being exhausted and weak he stumbled across a small village in the northern region of Pakistan called Korphe. It was in this village that Mortenson was invited to be a guest by the chief elder whose name was Haji Ali. The friendship that was forged between Haji Ali and Mortenson would completely change this small village as well as the direction of Mortenson’s life. Mortenson was curious about the†¦show more content†¦Even in his high school back in Minnesota â€Å"Gregg attended the school, swimming happily in a sea of cultures and languages. The divisions between different nationalities meant so little to him tha t he was upset when they fought with each other.† (Mortenson and Relin 36) Throughout the book he made an effort to learn the local traditions and cultural norms of each local village he visited. It was through this respect shown to the elders and various leaders that continued to give him favor with the people. Almost every village he came in contact with heard about his work in getting schools built, that it took on a life of its own. Shuange Liu, showed us that â€Å"personal attributes such as self-concept, open mindedness, non-judgmentalsim, and social relaxation also constitutes parts of the affective process of intercultural competence.† (Shuang Liu 8) The more Greg saw, the more he knew the importance of building schools. This was during the time of radicalization of young people into Taliban fighters. Providing a nonreligious education was a way out of the life of poverty that these villagers had experienced for decades. Not only was it important for these scho ols to be built, but it opened up opportunities for young girls in the area to attend school for the first time. Greg knew the buy-in to this culture would be to keep your promises, and that is what he did. Greg’s world view

Strategy Formulation & Business Decision - Business Plan

Question: Discuss about the Strategy Formulation Business Decision of Business Plan . Answer: 1. Strategic objectives The strategic objectives of the Cambridge collage focuses on the establishment of the high quality education for the students of the Kosovo with the creation of affordable prices. The objectives also determine the strengthening of the services as it becomes the engine for development of the company Cambridge collage. The most important objective of this company is to identify the core competencies of the English Literature and the German Literature. It also helps in the identification of the process thereby it also helps in the differentiating the customers in order to understand the categories of the customers (Fung, n.d.). The implementation of the objectives is also very much crucial for emphasizing results and thereby the company Cambridge collage can be able to differentiate the business with the provision of the clear and the viable alternatives. It also helps in the creation of relationship with the establishment of the relationship oriented business which provides the value t o understand the long-term relationship. The second strategic objective is to provide unique value proposition to the clients with the creation of the international channels. The identification of the channels also helps in the establishment of the customer segments with providing the different forms of the marketing (Galliers and Leidner, 2003). 2. Growth and generic strategies, means of implementation Growth and the generic strategies help in the creation of the competitive advantage with the enhancement of the sustaining superior performance. It generally defines the Porters strategies with the creation of the categories that are the cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus and the differentiation focus. The first two cost leadership and the differentiation helps in the creation of unique desirable products and the services with offering the specialized services to the customers in order to capture the market (Gramlich, 2007). The terms cost focus and the differentiation focus identifies the interpreted meaning in the creation of differentiation. It generally emphasizes the cost-minimization and the interpretation of the strategic differentiation on the focused market. The cost leadership strategies help in identifying the gain and the competitive advantages in order to develop the edge and thereby the sales of the process help in the creation of the cost leadership strategies. The increment of the profits helps in reduction of the costs with charging the average prices. The increment of the market share also helps in lowering the prices with making reasonable profits. The cost leadership helps in minimizing the profits with the cost and thereby delivering products and services appropriately (Kapferer, 2012). The cost leadership strategy involves the leaders in the terms of the cost and henceforth the lowest cost producers undercut the prices. The differentiation strategy helps in the involvement of the product with creation of attractiveness for the competitors. The exact nature of the products and the services depends on the features, functionality, durability, support and the image created by customer value. In order to create success differentiation strategy, appropriate research, development and the innovation are requisite for delivering high quality products and services (Kendrick, 2010). The focus strategy also helps in the creation of concentration on the particular product that the company consists of. It enables to create attention on the unique needs of the customers with producing low cost with the creation of brand loyalty. This helps in the creation of the market segments less attractive for the enhancement of cost leadership qualities. The focus strategy also helps in the creation of the segment with focusing on the broader market for the creation of extra costs in order to make the market available for the increment of differentiation (Morrissey, 2016). The means of implementationimplies the implementation of right generic strategies which underpins the enhancement of the strategic decisions. It provides the ways for the appropriate creation of decision for the implementation of generic strategies with the creation of warning against the decision with the implementation of the advices. These helps in the creation of focus on the people and thereby the requirement of the special approach helps in the creation of demands and thereby the approach seems to be high creative approach (Polo and Weber, 2010). The generic strategies help in the creation of the strengths and the competencies to face the market and thereby the organization seemed to be in the path of the development. The reduction and the appropriate management of the supplier power helps in the creation of the management of the buyer and the customer power. Henceforth it makes the organization in the creation of customer care with offering the unique features and henceforth t he value helps in the involvement of the cost differentiation ways that benefits the organization Cambridge collage. It also helps in the appropriate creation of customer experience mapping for the organization Cambridge collage. Henceforth this strategy helps in the up liftmen of the organization Cambridge collage (Proctor, 2014). 3. Production/Operations - Explain how you intend to run your business. The main aim of Cambridge College is to increase revenues and efficiency by developing its education quality and services. Teachers and other staff should be provided with appropriate training, knowledge and skills. The students should be provided with adequate facilities and education. The development of infrastructure and financial plans will also help to develop the college. 4. Human resources Human resource is considered to be one of the major aspects in the business plan model. Human resource is considered to play vital role as it help to recruit or select the right candidate for the right job at the right time at the right place. The human resource is considered to be one of the major role player in the new business with core competencies which include providing service related to the educational sector. Recruiting right professor with high skilled expertise will uplift the morale of the new business and provide positive enthusiasm for the company to get the institute at the top (Neil, 2012). Human resource in the educational sector is considered to be playing a major role in the overall administration. Administration is considered to be playing a major role in determining and analyzing the company overall perspective related to analyzing and determining the key role in overall management of the work procedure and analysis. Understanding HR Human Resource is about overseeing representatives and their prosperity. Making arrangements for HR hence requires that team or personnel, as the little entrepreneur, match representatives with the occupation capacities that best meet their aptitudes and interests. As your business develops and transforms, you will find that you will need a supply of worker hopefuls lined up to fill essential positions in the association (Mamoria and Gankar, 2009). Effective associations can oversee HR as a feature of the business' general methodology arrangement. At the end of the day, you can enroll representatives that help you meet the business' objectives. Determining Demand An imperative piece of getting ready for HR is anticipating request. This arrives in various structures: to begin with, it will need to have some thought of where the business is going with its deals and income. Do you hope to offer 25 percent more this coming quarter than last. Provided that this is true, you will likely need to go up against new staff to take care of this demand. The fact of the matter is that the monetary accomplishment of your business is personally fixing to its HR arranging (Liao, 2009). In the event that you don't have enough representatives, you can't take care of demand, and not taking care of demand means you dismiss generally upbeat clients. Being Proactive Each little entrepreneur wells to receive a straightforward mantra: "I am proactive!" While this may sound a bit excessively exclusive for you, the thought is basic: in the event that you keep a heads-up of what's happening in your business, you can all the more adequately make a pipeline of representatives prepared, willing and ready to help your association develop and meet its objectives (Joshi, Liao and Martocchio, 2011). Your eagerness will be infective. As your representatives see you amped up for the eventual fate of the business and about bringing crisp ability on-board, they too will get to be amped up for helping you meet the business' objectives, in this way expanding your money related primary concern. Discovering Balance The way to compelling HR arranging is finding a harmony between successful workers and productive administration. All organizations rhythmic movement, you'll have minutes where business is blasting and workers will be to a great degree caught up with adapting to deals, client request, or advertising matters. At different times, it will discover the business is somewhat moderate and maybe workers aren't as occupied as they once were. Keen entrepreneurs can deal with this by keeping side-ventures for their representatives to take part in when the primary business is moderate. Approach workers for their info. Do they have thoughts for new items or administrations? The downtime in the business cycle is a flawless time for these new thoughts to be investigated. It keeps your representatives drew in and permits the business to in any case be gainful without relinquishing administration (Ivanovic and Collin, 2006). On the basis of the HR and recruit managing by human resource manager helps to grow the company more and prosper effectively. 5. Risks - Describe the risks and develop your risk management ideas The risks that are analyzed helps in the summarization of the risks that are involved with the mapping. The risks are categorized into various types that are the financial, human resources, information technology, risks and the safety and the academic affairs. The involvement of these risks signifies various threats that an organization faces in the environment of the organization (Silva, 2015). These risks provide the barriers to the organization in the way of the enhancement and the development. The risks can also be categorized into the following that are the accounting, auditing matters, fraudulency, conflict of the interest, unsafe working conditions, data privacy and the confidentiality, environmental safety, public safety and the improper supplier with the malicious usage of the technology. The risk assessment programs are created for the appropriate assessment of the problems and thereby the risks can be mitigated by the risk management with ensuring the participation program. The risk management also helps in the creation of safeguard assets with the preservation of the academic programs. The role of the risk management reducing the cost of mitigation of the risks with the association of the accidental losses and henceforth the financing of the losses are seemed to be expected with the appropriate mitigation of the risks with the liability of the claims and the litigations (The Applicability of Porter?s Generic Strategies in the Digital Age: Assumptions, Conjectures, and Suggestions, 2004) . The employment related injuries helps in the creation of the theft and the other causes helps in administering the employment programs and henceforth the analysis helps in the appropriate mitigation of the programs for the expectation of the future process for the organisation in a secure manner. The performance of the risk assessment and the analysis helps in the creation of the procedures with the ensuring the agreement for the claiming of the insurances (Silva, 2015). Thus the training programs also help in the creation of the programs and the procedures for the insurance programs. 6. Financials - Provide information about the funding requirements. Make projections of the Income Statement for at least 3 years Financial projection helps to provide financial position of the company in the market. Financial projection help to determine the cash inflow and cash outflow and thus helps to determine and analyze the budget and other key financial facts and figure related to the overall growth of the company. Financial projection includes the income statement and balance sheet along with that cash flow statement of the company is also considered to determine the overall growth and key figure from the company overall success and growth in the new business model (Armstrong and Armstrong, 2009). Determining and formulating a new business model financial part plays a vital role. Financial projection helps to provide a clear and precise idea about the company key facts related to the financial aspect. Financial indicator Break even analysis Break even analysis helps to calculate and examine the margin of safety of an organization on the basis of revenues and costs associated with the operations. It is used to determine the revenues of an organization. The breakeven analysis of Cambridge College shows monthly revenue, average percent variable cost and estimated monthly fixed cost. General assumptions have also been taken to calculate the breakeven analysis (Barrow, Barrow and Brown, 2012). BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS Monthly Revenue Break-even $133,362 Assumptions: Average Percent Variable Cost 56% Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $58,648 GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Plan Month 1 2 3 Current Interest Rate 9.00% 9.00% 9.00% Long-term Interest Rate 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% Tax Rate 27.00% 27.00% 27.00% Other 0 0 0 Start up funding The required start up funding is calculated of Cambridge College which shows assets, capital, liabilities and required cash amount. It will help to determine and evaluate the amount of capital required for investment in the initial period of the college (Ciccone and Papaioannou, 2006). START-UP FUNDING Start-up Expenses to Fund $57,685 Start-up Assets to Fund $157,315 TOTAL FUNDING REQUIRED $215,000 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up $155,000 Cash Requirements from Start-up $2,315 Additional Cash Raised $0 Cash Balance on Starting Date $2,315 TOTAL ASSETS $157,315 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing $5,000 Long-term Liabilities $0 Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) $0 Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) $0 TOTAL LIABILITIES $5,000 Capital Planned Investment Gerald Owens $50,000 Andrea Powers $5,000 Kelley Mitchell $2,500 Allison Elliott $2,500 Additional Investment Requested $150,000 Additional Investment Requirement $0 TOTAL PLANNED INVESTMENT $210,000 Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) ($57,685) TOTAL CAPITAL $152,315 TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES $157,315 Total Funding $215,000 Sales forecasting is considered as one of the most important marketing tool that helps to sales and developing sales plans on the basis of forecasting. It will help to avoid unforeseen flow of cash and managing financing and staff needs effectively. It will help to examine the profit ability as well as efficiency of an organization (Creating a business plan, 2007). The forecasting of sales is important for Cambridge college to track the revenues earned by the college. SALES FORECAST YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Sales Textbook Exchange $741,000 $963,300 $1,252,290 Bachelor course $596,000 $774,800 $1,007,240 Masters Course $291,000 $378,300 $491,790 Administration $206,000 $267,800 $348,140 Advertisement $278,500 $362,050 $470,665 TOTAL SALES $2,112,500 $2,746,250 $3,570,125 Direct Cost of Sales Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Textbook Exchange $391,000 $430,100 $473,110 Classifieds $258,000 $283,800 $312,180 Auction $170,500 $187,550 $206,305 Retail $193,500 $212,850 $234,135 Advertisement $170,500 $187,550 $206,305 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales $1,183,500 $1,301,850 $1,432,035 Graphical Representation Project profit and loss The projection of profit or loss will help to determine and evaluate the profitability of an organization. The projection of profit or loss will help to determine the profitability of Cambridge College. The gross margin shows the difference between the cost of sold goods and revenues. The profit margin has been forecasted for each months and three years (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). Gross margin Profit monthly Profit Yearly Gross margin monthly Income statement Income statement shows the expenses, revenues, profit or loss of a company. It helps to determine and evaluate the ability of a company to generate revenues and profitability for their stakeholders. The expenses, net profit, revenues and cost can be determined with the help of income statement. Net profit for three years has been determined and examined in order to evaluate the future development of Cambridge College. Income statement helps to determine the financial performance of an organization (Holton, 2012). YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Sales $,112,50 $,746,20 $3,70,125 Direct Cost of Sales $,183,50 $,301,80 $1,32,035 Other Costs of Goods $0 $0 $0 TOTAL COST OF SALES $1,183,500 $1,301,850 $1,432,035 Gross Margin $929,000 $1,444,400 $2,138,090 Gross Margin % 43.98% 52.60% 59.89% Expenses Payroll $411,000 $445,000 $510,000 Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses $0 $0 $0 Depreciation $0 $0 $0 Web Hosting $720 $1,000 $1,250 Utilities $1,200 $1,500 $2,000 Website Enhancement Projects $225,000 $200,000 $200,000 Insurance $1,200 $15,000 $17,500 Payroll Taxes $59,850 $64,650 $74,250 Other General and Administrative Expenses $4,800 $7,500 $10,000 Total Operating Expenses $703,770 $734,650 $815,000 Profit Before Interest and Taxes $225,230 $709,750 $1,323,090 EBITDA $225,230 $709,750 $1,323,090 Interest Expense $275 $63 $0 Taxes Incurred $60,738 $191,615 $357,234 Net Profit $164,218 $518,072 $965,856 Net Profit/Sales 7.77% 18.86% 27.05% Graphical Representation Project cash flow The cash flow projection will help to examine the inflow and outflow of cash for three years. It will help to project the flow of cash of Cambridge College for three years. The net cash flow has been shown in the cash flow statement. Cash flow statement helps to determine the financial performance of an organization (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2007). YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash Sales $2,112,500 $2,746,250 $3,570,125 SUBTOTAL CASH FROM OPERATIONS $2,112,500 $2,746,250 $3,570,125 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received $0 $0 $0 New Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) $0 $0 $0 New Long-term Liabilities $0 $0 $0 Sales of Other Current Assets $0 $0 $0 Sales of Long-term Assets $0 $0 $0 New Investment Received $150,000 $0 $0 SUBTOTAL CASH RECEIVED $2,262,500 $2,746,250 $3,570,125 Expenditures Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending $411,000 $445,000 $510,000 Bill Payments $1,290,342 $1,883,557 $2,068,700 SUBTOTAL SPENT ON OPERATIONS $1,701,342 $2,328,557 $2,578,700 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out $0 $0 $0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing $3,600 $1,400 $0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment $0 $0 $0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment $0 $0 $0 Purchase Other Current Assets $0 $0 $0 Purchase Long-term Assets $0 $0 $0 Dividends $0 $0 $0 SUBTOTAL CASH SPENT $1,704,942 $2,329,957 $2,578,700 Net Cash Flow $557,558 $416,293 $991,425 Cash Balance $559,873 $976,167 $1,967,591 Pro Balance Sheet Balance sheet shows assets and liabilities of an organization. Balance sheet shows the financial position of Cambridge College. Assets, current assets, liabilities and current liabilities have been shown in the balance sheet for three years. It shows the financial position of the college (Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). PRO FORMA BALANCE SHEET YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Assets Current Assets Cash $559,873 $976,167 $1,967,591 Other Current Assets $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS $564,873 $981,167 $1,972,591 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets $150,000 $150,000 $150,000 Accumulated Depreciation $0 $0 $0 TOTAL LONG-TERM ASSETS $150,000 $150,000 $150,000 TOTAL ASSETS $714,873 $1,131,167 $2,122,591 Liabilities and Capital Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable $246,941 $146,563 $172,132 Current Borrowing $1,400 $0 $0 Other Current Liabilities $0 $0 $0 SUBTOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES $248,341 $146,563 $172,132 Long-term Liabilities $0 $0 $0 TOTAL LIABILITIES $248,341 $146,563 $172,132 Paid-in Capital $360,000 $360,000 $360,000 Retained Earnings ($57,685) $106,533 $624,604 Earnings $164,218 $518,072 $965,856 TOTAL CAPITAL $466,533 $984,604 $1,950,460 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL $714,873 $1,131,167 $2,122,591 Net Worth $466,533 $984,604 $1,950,460 Graphical Interpretation Exit Strategies - Describe exit strategies for prospective investors. The projection of financial plans indicates that the Cambridge College will be able to generate enough cash and profits in next three years to allow the exit of outside investors and shareholders. However, it is the choice of the founder to continue with the profitable operations of the organization till the Cambridge College is presented with viable offers for the acquisition (Pinson, 2008). References Armstrong, M. and Armstrong, M. (2009).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M. and Armstrong, M. (2011).Armstrong's handbook of strategic human resource management. London: Kogan Page. Barrow, C., Barrow, P. and Brown, R. (2012).The business plan workbook. London: Kogan Page. Ciccone, A. and Papaioannou, E. (2006).Adjustment to target capital, fiance and growth. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Creating a business plan. (2007). Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Pub. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. 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Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Wolf, M. (2008).Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. Fung, H. (n.d.). The Relationships Among Porter Five Forces, Generic Strategies, Ansoff Growth Strategies Strategy Methods in an IT Industry A Conceptual Paper.SSRN Electronic Journal. Galliers, R. and Leidner, D. (2003).Strategic information management. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Gramlich, E. (2007).Subprime mortgages. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press. Kapferer, J. (2012).The new strategic brand management. London: Kogan Page. Kendrick, R. (2010).Cyber Risks for Business Professionals. Ely: IT Governance Pub. Morrissey, C. (2016). Use of risk assessment tools for people with intellectual disability: The latest evidence.European Psychiatry, 33, p.S38. Polo, E. and Weber, W. (2010). Competitive Generic Strategies Evolution and the Importance of Michael E. Porter.REGE, 17(1), pp.99-117. Proctor, T. (2014).Strategic Marketing. 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Presidents of the Philippine Republic free essay sample

This list starts from the ratification of the Philippine Constitution in the First Republic after the independence of the country in 1898. Thus, this list starts from the ratification of 1899 Constitution where Emilio Aguinaldo was the President of the Republic of the Philippines. The dates followed by their names are the dates of their terms: Presidents of the Philippines from Past to Present: 1. General Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899 – April 01, 1901) * First President Youngest President – he became the country’s leader at the age of 28 * Longest-lived president – he died when he was 94 * One of the active leaders of KKK * Signed the Pact of Biak na Bato * Known as the President of the Revolutionary Government * He fought against the Spanish and American to retain our independence 2. Manuel L. Quezon (November 15, 1935 – August 01, 1944) * First Senate President elected as President of the Philippines * First President elected through a natio nal election * First President under the Commonwealth He created National Council of Education * He initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth * He made Tagalog / Filipino as the National Language of the Philippines 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Presidents of the Philippine Republic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945) * He was considered as the Legitimate President of the Philippines * He organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas) * He declared Martial Law in 1944 * He and his family developed the establishment of Lyceum of the Philippines 4. Sergio Osmena (August 01, 1944 – May 28, 1946) * He was 65 when he became President making him the oldest President to hold the office * He was the First Visayan to become President * He joined US General Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 starting the freedom of the Philippines from the Japanese during World War II * During his time, the Philippine National Bank has been rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund * On his time, the Bell Trade Act was approved by the US Congress . Manuel Roxas (May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948) * He was inaugurated as the New and First President of the New Republic because the Philippines was finally free after the WWII * In his time, the country has started reconstruction from war damage and the Philippines started breathing without foreign rule * Under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by the Congress 6. Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953) * Under his term Hukbalahap movement was active * He created Social Security Commission * He also created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption * In 1948, Quezon City was the Capital of the Philippines * Peso and Dollar Exchange Rate at his time was USD 1 – PHP 2 7. Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957) * He was a Chairman of the Committee on Guerilla Affairs He was the First President sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog in his inauguration * His Presidency was referred as the Philippines’ Golden Years for it was the cleanest and zero-corruption * The Philippines was ranked 2nd in Asia’s clean and well-governed countries * He established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among his agrarian reforms 8. Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961) * He was known for â€Å"Filipino First Policy† * He established the Aus terity Program focusing on Filipino Trade and Commerce * He was known as the â€Å"Prince of Visayan Poets† and the â€Å"Bard from Bohol† * Cultural Arts was revived during his time * He was the First President to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani 9. Diosdado Macapagal (December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965) * He established the First Land Reform Law * He placed the Philippines Currency Peso, on the currency exchange market * He made June 12, 1898 as the Philippines’ Independence Day * He signed the Minimum Wage Law He signed the Creation of the Philippine Veteran’s Bank 10. Ferdinand E. Marcos (December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986) * He was President for 21 years and only quit office after the People Power Revolution * He was one of the best and brightest presidents of all time * He was the First President to win a second term * He declared Martial Law on September 22, 1972 * He increased the size of the Philippine Military and Armed Forces * In 1980, GNP was 4 ti mes greater than 1972 In 1986, the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in Asia * He built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and infrastructures than all former presidents did combined * In his time, Philippines was the Richest Country in Asia * In his time, No Foreigners was allowed to buy Real Estate in Philippines * Philippines was the No. 1 exporter of Rice and Sugar in the world * Drugs are not rampant and drinking alcohol on the side of the roads is prohibited * Peso and Dollar Exchange Rate at his time was USD 1 – PHP 1. 0 * During his time, Philippines was the first country to have Airport in Asia * Philippines was the first country to have Train in Asia * President Marcos have briefly brought into the limelight the Sabah claim once more * Under the regime of Martial law in July 1973, he announced the decision to build a nuclear power plant * The only President that does not make use of a cheat sheet when giving a speech here and abroad 11. Corazo n C. Aquino (February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992) * She was named â€Å"Woman of the Year† in 1986 by Time Magazine * She was the First Woman President of the Philippines and Asia * She abolished 1973 Marcos Constitution brought the new Constitution of the Philippines * Signed the Family Code of 1987 and 1191 Local Government Code * One of 100 Women Who Shaped World History * One of 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century * One of 65 Great Asian Heroes * A recipient of J. William Fulbright Prize for international understanding 12. Fidel V. Ramos (June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998) During his time, the Philippines was cited as Asia’s Next Economic Tiger because he brought back economic growth * The Philippines celebrated Centennial Independence in 1998 * He’s the only Filipino who received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom, bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George) * He led the 4th APEC Summit held in the Philippines * His â€Å"Philippines 2000† vision made the Philippine Stock Exchange one of the best in the world in the mid-90s * Death Penalty was reinstated at his time He signed peace talks and agreement with the MNLF 13. Joseph Estrada (June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001) * During his time, the MNLF’s headquarters and camps were captured * He joined other leaders and politicians who supported against the Charter Change * He was cited as One of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989 * He was among the â€Å"Magnificent 12† who voted for the termination of the Philippines and US Military Bases Agreement from Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base 14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010) * She was the Second Female President of the Country First and only female Vice-President of the Philippines so far * She regained higher economic growth than the past 3 Presidents before her * Philippine Economy grew at its fastest in 3 decades in 2007, GDP exceeding 7% growth * US Former President Bill Clinton cited Gloria’s â€Å"Tough Decisions† because of her brilliant strategy to make the country’s economy back in shape amidst the 2008 Global Financial Crisis * Peso became the best performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007 * eVAT Law was implemented under her term